TB Ki Ganth Ki Pehchan: Kaise Jaanein, Kahan Hoti Hai, Aur Test

Gale mein ek ganth hai jo dheere dheere badh rahi hai. Dard nahi ho raha, lekin kam bhi nahi ho rahi. Doctor ne bola "TB ki ganth ho sakti hai."

TB ki ganth (Tubercular Lymphadenitis) India mein bahut common hai. Yeh lungs wali TB se alag hoti hai — yeh lymph nodes (granthi) mein hoti hai.

TB Ki Ganth Kya Hoti Hai?

TB ke bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) sirf lungs mein nahi, body mein kahi bhi ja sakte hain. Jab yeh lymph nodes mein jaate hain, toh lymph nodes swell ho jaate hain — yeh ganth ban jaati hai.

Sabse common jagah:

• Gale mein (cervical lymph nodes) — 60-70% cases
• Bagal mein (axillary lymph nodes) — 10-15%
• Jangha ke jod mein (inguinal lymph nodes) — 5-10%
• Pet ke andar (abdominal/mesenteric lymph nodes)

TB Ki Ganth Ki Pehchan — Lakshan

Ganth Kaise Dikhti/Mehsoos Hoti Hai:

• Size: Shuru mein chhoti (1-2 cm), dheere dheere badhti hai
• Dard: Shuru mein dard nahi hota (painless) — yeh important hai
• Touch: Firm hoti hai, lekin rubber jaisi (rubbery)
• Ek se zyada: Aksar ek nahi, 2-3 ya zyada ganth ek saath hoti hain
• Chipki hui: Ganth aas paas ke tissue se chipak jaati hain (matted lymph nodes)
• Slowly growing: Hafton-mahinon mein dheere dheere badhti hai

Saath Mein Aur Symptoms:

• Shaam ko halka bukhar (99-100°F) — subah normal, shaam ko badhta hai
• Raat ko pasina aana (bahut zyada)
• Weight kam hona bina koshish ke
• Bhook kam lagna
• Thakan mehsoos hona
• Khansi — agar lungs mein bhi TB hai

Advanced Stage Mein:

• Ganth se pus nikalna (abscess ban jaata hai)
• Skin ke upar se wound ban jaana (sinus formation)
• Ganth ek doosre se jud jaati hain (matted mass)

TB Ki Ganth Aur Normal Ganth Mein Farak

Important: Sirf dekhne se pata nahi chalta — test zaroori hai.

TB Ki Ganth Ka Test Kaise Hota Hai?

1. FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology)

Sabse pehla aur sabse important test. Ek patli si needle se ganth mein se thoda sample nikalte hain aur microscope se dekhte hain.

• Time: 5-10 minute
• Dard: Bahut kam (injection jaisa)
• Report: 2-3 din mein
• Accuracy: 80-90%

2. Chest X-Ray

Yeh dekhne ke liye ki lungs mein bhi TB hai ya nahi.

3. Mantoux Test (Skin Test)

Forearm mein injection dete hain, 48-72 ghante baad dekhte hain. Agar sujan aati hai toh TB exposure ka sign hai.

4. ESR Blood Test

TB mein ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) badh jaata hai. Yeh screening test hai.

5. Gene Xpert / CB-NAAT

Advanced test jo TB bacteria ka DNA detect karta hai. Bahut accurate hai.

6. Biopsy

Agar FNAC se clear result nahi aaya, toh ganth ka chhota piece nikalke microscope se dekhte hain (excisional biopsy).

TB Ki Ganth Ka Treatment

Standard Treatment: 6 Months Ki Medicine

TB ki ganth ka treatment same hai — Anti-TB medicines (ATT):

Pehle 2 months (Intensive Phase):

• 4 medicines: Isoniazid + Rifampicin + Pyrazinamide + Ethambutol

Baaki 4 months (Continuation Phase):

• 2 medicines: Isoniazid + Rifampicin

Important points:

• Dawai RONA nahi hai — Government free mein deti hai (DOTS program)
• 6 months POORA karna zaroori hai — Beech mein chhodne se drug-resistant TB ho sakti hai
• Dawai khali pet leni hai — Subah nashte se pehle
• Liver function check hoti hai — Kyunki TB ki dawai liver pe asar karti hai (isliye SGPT/SGOT test hota hai)

Kya Surgery Lagti Hai?

Zyada cases mein nahi. Medicine se ganth dheere dheere kam hoti hai. Lekin surgery lagti hai agar:

• Ganth mein pus bhar gaya hai (abscess) — drain karna padta hai
• Medicine se response nahi aa raha
• Cancer rule out karna hai (biopsy ke liye)

Kab Doctor Ke Paas Jaayein?

• Gale mein 2 hafte se zyada ganth hai jo kam nahi ho rahi
• Bina wajah weight kam ho raha hai
• Shaam ko bukhar aata hai roz
• Raat ko bahut pasina aata hai
• Ganth se pus ya liquid nikal raha hai

R.K. Hospital Mein Available Tests

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R.K. Hospital, Indrapuri, Bhopal. TB testing aur treatment available. Call 0755-4000800. Cashless insurance aur Ayushman Bharat accepted.